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Empress Ma (Southern Han)
Empress Ma (馬皇后, personal name unknown) (died January 22, 935〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 279.〕〔(Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter ).〕) was the only known empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Han. She was the wife of Southern Han's founding emperor Liu Yan (Emperor Gaozu), and the daughter of Ma Yin (Prince Wumu), the prince of Southern Han's northern neighbor Chu.
== Background ==
It is not known when the future Empress Ma was born. Further, while she was known to be a daughter of Ma Yin's, no historical record indicated who her mother was.
In 913, Liu Yan, who was then formally a Later Liang vassal (as Ma Yin was as well) as the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), sent emissaries to Ma Yin, asking to marry a daughter of his. Ma Yin agreed.〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 268.〕 In 915, Liu sent emissaries to Chu to welcome her; Ma Yin, in turn, sent his brother (her uncle) Ma Cun (馬存) to escort her to Qinghai's capital Guang Prefecture (廣州) for the wedding.〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 269.〕
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